Maharashtra HSC Board 2023
Organisation Of Commerce And Management (51)
Note: (i) All questions are compulsory
(ii) Figures to the right indicate full marks for the
questions.
(iii) Figures to the left indicate question numbers.
(iv) Answer to every question must be started on a new
page.
Q. 1. (A) Select the correct option and
rewrite the sentences (5) (20)
(1) Scalar chain means the hierarchy of __________
from the top level to the lower level for the purpose of communication.
(a) discipline (b) Unity (c) authority
Ans: (b) Unity
(2) __________ warehouses provide facilities for,
perishable commodity.
(a) Bonded (b)
Cold storage (C) Government
Ans: (b) Cold storage
(3) For online transactions __________ is required.
(a) registration (b)
trading (c) business
Ans: (a) registration
(4) The President of District Forum is
(a) District Judge (b)
High Court Judge (C) Supreme Court
Judge
Ans: (a) District Judge
(5) Retail market is the market where retailer sells
goods directly to the __________in small
quantities.
(a) producer (b)
wholesaler (C) consumer
Ans: (C) consumer
(B) Match the correct pairs (5)
|
Group “A” |
Group “B” |
|
(a)
Henry Fayol |
(1)
It is the process of instructing, guiding, communicating and motivating |
|
(b)
Directing |
(2)
Scientific Management theory |
|
©
Responsibility towards Government |
(3)
It is the process of recruiting, selecting, placing and remunerating |
|
(d)
Digital cash |
(4)
To earn profit |
|
(e)
Monopoly |
(5)
Respecting rules and regulations |
|
|
(6)
Exist only in cyber space |
|
|
(7)
Exist everywhere |
|
|
(8)
Single buyer |
|
|
9)
Modem management theory |
|
|
10) Single Seller |
Ans:
|
Group “A” |
Group “B” |
|
(a)
Henry Fayol |
9)
Modem management theory |
|
(b)
Directing |
(1)
It is the process of instructing, guiding, communicating and motivating |
|
©
Responsibility towards Government |
(5)
Respecting rules and regulations |
|
(d)
Digital cash |
(6)
Exist only in cyber space |
|
(e)
Monopoly |
10)
Single Seller |
(C) State whether the following statements
are true or false: (5)
(1) F.W. Taylor has proposed 14 principles of management.
Ans: False
(2) Current account is opened by salaried persons.
Ans: False
(3) Unregulated market operates according to forces of demand and supply.
Ans: False
(4) Consumer being the king of market does not have
any responsibility.
Ans: False
5) Lok Adalat can rightly be described as
"People's Court"
Ans: True
(D) Find the odd one : [5]
(1) Planning, Organising, Staffing, Writing
Ans: Writing
(2) Trekking, Wildlife Study, Horseback riding, Indoor
games.
Ans: Indoor games.
3) Primary credit co-operative society, State
co-operative bank, District co-operative bank, Exchange bank.
Ans: Exchange bank.
(4) B to B, B to C, A to Z, C to C
Ans: A to Z
(5) Stock exchange, Foreign exchange, Bullion market, Manufactured goods market.
Ans: Manufactured goods market
Q.2. Explain the following terms /
concepts (Any FOUR): [8]
(1) Management
Ans:
1. Mary Parker Follet “Management is an art of getting things done through others.”
According to this traditional definition, management focuses on completing the work through workforce. However, management of other resources such as material, machine etc. has not been considered in detail in this definition.
2. Henry Fayol “To manage is to forecast and plan, to organize, to command, to coordinate, and to control.”
In this definition, Henry Fayol has emphasized on different functions of management to achieve the goal in a systematic manner. While doing the given task, employees need proper directions about how to work and co-ordination of all the activities is also equally important.
(2) Social responsibility
Ans:
Social responsibility of business refers to its obligation to take those decisions and perform those actions which are desirable in terms of the objectives and values of our society. So, all the activities of business should be performed in such a manner that they will not harm any part of society rather they will protect and contribute to the interest of society.
Definitions:
Howard D. Bowen - 'Social Responsibility is to pursue those policies to make those decisions, or to follow those lines of action which are desirable in terms of the objectives and values of our society.'
Keith Davis - 'Social responsibility of business refers to the obligations of business man's decisions and actions beyond the firm's direct economic and technical interest.'
(3) Concept of trusteeship
Ans:
Trusteeship is a socioeconomic philosophy that was propounded by Mahatma Gandhi. It provides a means by which the wealthy people would be the trustees of trusts that looked after the welfare of the people in general. Businessmen are considered to be trustees of society.
(4) Janahit yachika
Ans:
Public Interest Litigation means a legal action initiated in a court of law regarding a matter of general public interest. It is a legal facility under which any person can approach to the court of law in the interest of the society. Its aim is to provide legal remedy to unrepresented groups of society. The party which is not related to grievance can also file public interest litigation. It is filed in the High Court as well as Supreme Court directly in some cases.
(5) Packaging
Ans:
Package and Label creates the first impression on the consumer about the product. Attractive package and label can help to make product successful. Packaging means designing the package for the product. It helps to avoiding breakage, damage and destruction of the product. Packing material includes bottles, container, plastic bags, tin, wooden boxes, jute bags, bubble bags, packing foam etc
(6) Product
Ans:
Product refers to the goods or services that are offered to the customers for sale and are capable of satisfying the need of the customer. The product can be intangible or tangible, as it can be in the form of services or goods. The business need to decide the right type of product through extensive market research. Success of the business depends on the impact of the product in the minds of the customer.
Q.3. Study the following case / situation and express your opinion (Any TWO): (6)
(1) Mr. Ram, an emerging entrepreneur has designed a
structure of his business organisation by taking into consideration the
required resources such as land, money, machinery, work- force etc. for his new
business. He appointed Mr. Shyam as a manager. Mr. Ram has assigned the
responsibilities Such as recruitment, selection, training and development and to
determine the remuneration of the employees to Mr. Shyam. Mr. Ram has also appointed
Mr. Shubham to supervise the work done by the employees according to the standards
given to the employees, Mr. Shubham has to also suggest the remedies to the
employees wherever necessary. On this context, find out the management
functions performed by;
(a) Mr. Ram (b)
Mr. Shyam (c) Mr. Shubham
Ans;
(a) Mr. Ram
Mr. Ram, an emerging entrepreneur has designed a structure of his business organisation by taking into consideration the required resources such as land, money, machinery, work- force etc.
(b) Mr. Shyam
Mr. Ram has assigned the responsibilities Such as recruitment, selection, training and development and to determine the remuneration of the employees to M Shyam.
(c) Mr. Shubham
Mr. Shubham to supervise the work done by the employees according to the standards given to the employees, Mr. Shubham has to also suggest the remedies to the employees wherever necessary.
(2) M. Amit is a businessman. He has his own factories
in Pune and Nashik. He lives in Pune with his wife and 2 daughters aged 5 and-8
years.
(1) Can Mr. Amit take a life insurance policy for his
wife and 2 children?
(2) Can Mr. Amit take a marine insurance policy for
his factories?
(3) Which type of insurance should Mr. Amit take for protecting
his factories from loss due to fire?
Ans:
(1) Can Mr. Amit take a life insurance policy for his wife and 2 children?
Ans: Amit can take whole life policy and term insurance police for his children and wife insurance and money back policy for his daughter.
(2) Can Mr. Amit take a marine insurance policy for his factories?
Ans: Mr. Amit can not take Marian Insurance policy for his factories.
(3) Which type of insurance should Mr. Amit take for protecting his factories from loss due to fire?
Ans: Mr. Amit can take floating fire insurance policy for protecting his factories at Pune and Nashik.
3) Mr. Atharva made his payment by cheque at the same
time Mr. Samarth made his payment by fund transfer:
(a) Whose payment is faster?
Ans: Mr. Samarth is payment is faster because Mr. Samarth made his payment by fund transfer.
(b) Whose payment is related to traditional business?
Ans: Mr. Atharva's payment is related to traditional business because Mr. Atharva made his payment by cheque.
(C)Whose payment is related to e-business?
Ans: Mr. Samarth's payment is related to e-business because Mr. Samarth made his payment by fund transfer and Mr. Atharva made his payment by cheque.
Q.4. Distinguish between the following
(Any THREE) ; [12]
(1) Current Account and Fixed Deposit Account.
(2) Organising and Directing.
Ans;
|
|
Organizing |
Directing |
|
1 Meaning |
Organising is
the process of defining and grouping the activities of the enterprise and
establishing the authority relationships among them. |
Directing is
the guidance inspiration, the leadership of those men and women constitute
the real case responsibilities of management. |
|
2. Objective |
To identify and
bring together all required resources. |
To
appoint right type of people at the right positions and the right time. |
|
3. Area of
Function |
It includes
identification and grouping of activities, assigning the work and
establishing the authority relationship. |
It includes
instructing, guiding, inspiring, communicating and motivating the human
resources |
|
4. Factor |
Internal and
external factors are considered in arrangement of resources. |
Directing is
concerned directly with internal factors i.e. human resources |
|
5. Order |
It is based
on planning. |
It follows
organising and staffing for execution of planning. |
|
6. Resources |
All available
resources i.e. men, money, material, machine and method are arranged in a
systematic manner. |
It gives
direction to the employees regarding use of other resources. |
|
7. Nature |
It takes
place till the time all the resources are collected and arranged. |
Tt gives
direction to the employees regarding use of other resources. |
|
8. Level of
Management |
Top and
middle level management s related with organizing the required resources. |
Middle level
management is involved in directing the employees. |
(3) State commission and National Commission.
|
Points of
Distinction |
State Commission |
National
Commission |
|
1.Meaning |
A consumer
dispute redressal forum at the State level established by the State
Government is known as State Commission. |
A consumer
dispute redressal forum at the National level established by the Central
Government by notification is known as National Commission |
|
2. President |
A person who
is sitting or retired or Judge of High Court, shall, be appointed by the
State Government as the President of State Commission |
A person who
is or has been a judge of the Supreme Court, shall be appointed by the
Central Government by notification is known as National Commission. |
|
3. Member |
Not less than
four or not more than such number of members as may be prescribed in
consultation with the Central Government. |
Not less
than four and not more than such number of members as may be prescribed. |
|
4.Membership
Tenure |
The
members can have the membership for a term of five years or up to the age
sixty seven, whichever is earlier. |
The
members can have the membership for a term of five years or up to the age
sixty seven years and president upto seventy years, whichever is earlier |
|
5. Area Covered |
It covers
particular state |
It covers the
entire country |
|
6. Monetary
Jurisdiction |
To entertain
com[1]plaints
where the value of the goods or services paid as con[1]sideration,
exceeds Rs. one crore, but does not exceed Rs. ten crore |
To entertain
complaints where the value of the goods or services paid as consideration
exceeds Rs. ten crore. |
|
7. Appeal |
Appeal
against the State Commission can be made to the National Commis[1]sion |
Appeal
against the National Commission can be made to the Supreme Court |
(4) E-Commerce and E-Business.
|
Points of
Distinction |
E-Commerce |
E-Business |
|
1.Meaning |
'E- commerce
involves commercial transactions done over internet |
E--
business is conduct of business processes on the internet |
|
2. What
is it? |
E-commerce is
subset of E-business |
E- business
is superset of E-commerce |
|
3. feature |
E-commerce
just involves buying and selling of products and services |
E-business
includes all kinds of pre- sale and post-sale efforts |
|
4.Concepts |
E-commerce is
narrower concept and restricted to buying and selling |
It is broader
concept that involves market surveying, supply chain and logistics management
and using datamining |
|
5. Transaction |
It is more
appropriate in B2C context |
It is used in
the context of B2B transactions, |
|
6. Which
network is used ? |
E-commerce
involves the manda[1]tory
use of intenet |
E-business
can involve the use of internet intranet or extranet |
Q.5. Answer in brief (Any TWO): [8]
(1) Describe any four techniques of scientific management.
Ans:
Techniques of Scientific Management Some of the major techniques of scientific management are as follows:
1) Work Study: Before assigning the work to the available workforce, proper work study should be done by management. Work study consists of an organized, systematic and critical assessment of the various activities or functions. Work study is based on the techniques such as time study, motion study, method study and fatigue study.
A) Time Study: It is the technique of observing and recording the time taken by an employee to complete a given task. With the help of time study, the precise time required for each element of work is determined. It is the technique used for fixing the standard time required to do a particular task under given condition. It is useful to measure the efficiency of an employee and to control the cost of work.
B) Method Study: There are always various methods of completing the task. For best quality and cost effectiveness, identifying the best method of doing a particular job is very important but challenging task for a manager. It helps in reducing the wastage of time, raw material and in improving the utility of all resources as per predefined objetives. It is helpful in determining the methods for handling the raw materials, transportation, inspection, storage etc.
C) Motion Study: The study of required motion means movement of an employee as well as of machine while completing a particular task is very important. It is helpful in eliminating unnecessary motions and finding the best method of doing a particular job. It also helps in improving the efficiency of the employees. Motion technique is used to know whether some elements of a job can be eliminated or their sequence can be changed for smooth flow of task.
D) Fatigue Study: Generally long working hours without sufficient breaks, target pressure, heavy working tools, and poor working conditions result into physical and mental stress i.e. fatigue. It has an adverse effect on the health and efficiency of the employees. The study of fatigue and steps to reduce the level of fatigue is very important to maintain the operational efficiency of the employees.
2) Standardization of Tools and Equipments: With the result of experiments conducted at work place, Taylor advocated standardization of tools and equipments. Standardized working environment and methods of production help to reduce spoilage and wastage of material, cost of production, fatigue among the workers and it improves quality of work.
3) Scientific Task Setting: Taylor emphasized the need for fixing a fair day's work. Scientific work setting is important to prevent the employees from doing work much below their capacity. By using this technique, employees will complete the task according to standards given and management can keep proper control on optimum utilization of workforce.
4) Scientific Selection and Training: Management can select right persons for the right jobs by using scientific selection procedures. It needs to fix job specifications as per requirement. Employees are selected according to predetermined standards in an impartial way. After selection, management should provide the proper training programmes to increase their efficiency. :
5) Functional Organization: In this concept of Taylor, planning is separated from implementation. That means, planning is done by different people and actual work is supervised by different people. Thus, every worker will be supervised by two different sets of supervisors. He recommended total eight foremen to control the various aspects of production. They are categorized as follows:
A) At Planning Level:
1. Route Clerk- tells how work moves from one machine to other.
2. Instruction Clerk- records instructions to complete the work.
3. Time and Cost Clerk- determines time in which work should be completed and workout the cost
4. Discipline- ensures that the workers are working as per factory rules.
B) At Implementation Level:
1. Gang Boss-actually gets the work done.
2. Speed Boss- ensures that the work is completed in specified time.
3. Repair Boss- handles security and maintenance of mechanism
4. Inspector- ensures that the work is done as per the specified standards. According to Taylor, with the help of proper division of all activities into planning and implementation; management can definitely achieve the required performance from the employees.
6) Differential Piece-Rate Wage Plan: Remuneration should be fixed in such a way that average worker is motivated to attain a standard output. Taylor suggested the differential piece-wage system. Higher rates are offered to employees who complete the work more than the standard quantity under this system. On the other hand, if an employee is performing below the standard; he shall be given lower rate of wages. This technique motivate the employees to attain higher standard performance and earn wages i.e. remuneration at higher rate.
(2) Explain any four needs of consumer protection.
Ans:
Generally, safeguarding the rights and interests of consumers is known as consumer protection. It includes all the measures aimed at protecting the rights and interests of consumers. In modem competitive market, consumer is regarded as the 'King of Market' hence consumer protection is required due to the following reasons:
1) Need of participation of consumers: It is noted that business organizations take decisions which affect the consumers' interest without consulting the consumer or their organizations. Only a strong consumer organisation can pressurise business organisations to allow consumer participation in the decision making process.
2) Lack of information: It is very difficult to establish direct contact between consumer and manufacturer because consumers live in a dynamic and complex world and they are widely scattered. Today's markets are full of domestic as well as imported products therefore it is very difficult to get correct and reliable information about product before they purchase.
3) Ignorance: Ignorance of consumers is the main cause of exploitation by business. Consumers in India are mostly ignorant about their rights, market conditions, price levels and product details. A system is required to protect them from business malpractices.
4) Unorganized Consumers: Consumers are widely scattered and are not organized, On the other hand sellers are in better position than consumers and they are powerful. Consumers are under the influence of businessman. An individual consumer cannot fight against these powerful sellers.
5) Spurious Goods: There is increasing supply of duplicate products. It is not possible for an ordinary consumer to distinguish between a genuine product and its imitation. It is necessary to protect consumers from such exploitation by ensuring compliance with prescribed norms of quality and safety standards.
6) Misleading Advertising: Some businessmen give misleading information about quality, safety and utility of products. Consumers are misled by misleading advertisement and do not know the real quality of advertised goods. A mechanism is needed to prevent misleading advertisements.
7) Malpractices of Businessmen: Fraudulent, unethical and monopolistic trade practices by businessmen lead to exploitation of consumers. Many times consumers get defective, inferior and substandard goods and services. Certain measures are required to protect the consumers against such malpractices.
8) Trusteeship: According to Gandhian philosophy businessmen are trustees of the society's wealth. Therefore, they should use this wealth for the benefit of people.
(3) Explain any four functions of marketing.
Success of business is difficult without effective marketing. Marketing deals with exchange of goods and services to satisfy needs of consumers. Marketing functions help to study the needs of the consumers and facilitate to satisfy it. Following are some of the important functions of marketing :
1) Marketing Research Effective marketing is possible when business takes initiative to identify the needs and wants of the consumers in the market. To identify the needs of the consumers, there is a need to collect information from the consumers and analyse the same is known as Market Research. Analysis of the information helps in the assessment of the need in the market. It helps to find out what do consumers want to buy, when do consumers buy, in what quantity they want to buy and at what price. Marketing Research helps to take various decisions regarding successful marketing of products. Visit ten nearby houses and find out their needs for different products Activity :
2) Buying and Assembling: It involves collecting raw material from different sources at one place for production. This function is important as quality and price of raw material determine cost and quality of the final product.
3) Market Planning: After assessing the need of the marketing, business needs to chalk out the marketing plan and strategies to achieve the desired objective. Market planning is the process of organizing and defining the marketing objectives of the business and creating strategies to achieve them. It is the comprehensive blueprint that will help to draw outline of business's overall marketing efforts.
4) Product Development Product development and design play an important role in the selling of the product. There is a need to develop the product that suits the needs of the consumer. Product design includes decision related to quality, standards, shape, design, packing, colour etc. of the product. Consumer always prefer better and attractively designed product. Good design of the product gives competitive advantage to the business. Product development is continuous process as the requirements of the customer change from time to time.
5) Standardisation and Grading: Standardisation means to determine standards related to process, size, quality, design, weight, colour etc. of the product. It helps in ensuring uniformity in the quality of the product. It helps in achieving customers' loyalty towards the product. Grading is the process of classification of products according to similar characteristics and/or quality. Grading is done on the basis of their features like size, shape quality etc. Generally grading is done in case of agricultural products like wheat, rice, potatoes etc.
6) Packaging and Labelling: Package and Label creates the first impression on the consumer about the product. Attractive package and label can help to make product successful. Packaging means designing the package for the product. It helps to avoiding breakage, damage and destruction of the product. Packing material includes bottles, container, plastic bags, tin, wooden boxes, jute bags, bubble bags, packing foam etc. Label is a slip which is found on the product and provides all the information regarding the product and its producer. The slip on which all this information is provided is called as label and its process is called as labeling. Packaging and labelling not only provide protection to the product but also act as an effective tool of marketing.
7) Branding : Every businessman wants to have special identity in the market for his product. Branding is a process of giving special identity to a product through unique brand name to differentiate it from competitor's products. In simple words giving of distinct name to one's product is called as branding. Registered brands are known as Trademarks. Trademarks can not be copied. Branding helps to get recognition among the consumers. It can help to get new business and increase brand awareness in the market.
8) Customer Support Service: Customer is the king of the market hence business needs to take necessary steps for the satisfaction of the customer. Business needs to take every possible effort to provide support services to the customer. Timely support services help to gain customer's loyalty. The business can provide the support services like Pre-sales service, consumer helpline, after sales service, technical assistance, product demo etc. to the customers. These services help in getting, retaining and growing the customers.
9) Pricing of Product: Pricing is one of the most important as well as challenging function of the marketing. Many times price of the product decides the success or failure of the product. Pricing plays an important role in the market where there is cut throat competition. While determining the price of the product businessman needs to consider factors like cost, desired profit, price of the competitor's product, demand for the product, market condition etc. Business needs to change prices as per the need of the market. If prices are too high, it might lose customers but if prices are too low, it might suffer losses. So deciding the right price needs extensive market research.
10) Promotional Channels Promotion is the process of informing the consumers about the products, their features, uses, prices etc and encouraging them to buy these products. Advertising, Personal selling, Publicity and Sales Promotion are some of the important tools of promotion. Business uses combination of all or some of these four methods for promotion as per the need of the business. Promotional activities help to increase brand awareness in the market.
11) Distribution: Distribution is the set of activities which is concerned with efficient movement of finished goods from the place of production to the consumer. It includes transportation, warehousing, material handling, inventory control, order processing, market forecasting, packaging, plant and warehouse location and customer service. Distribution accounts for a major part of marketing budget of the business. Importance of physical distribution for a firm depends on the type of product and level of customer satisfaction desired.
12) Transportation: Transportation means physical movement of goods from the place of production to the place of consumption. Transportation includes transportation of finished goods as well as of raw material. Production, sale and consumption-all the three activities need not be at one place hence there is a need of transportation. Place utility is created by transportation activity. Analysis of geographical boundaries, nature of product, cost, target market, speed, reliability, frequency, safety etc. help in deciding modes of transportation. Road, air, water, railways, pipelines are some of the important modes of transportation used by business.
13) Warehousing: There is a time-lag between the purchase or production of goods and their sale. It is important to store the goods at a safe place during this time-lag. Any negligence during this period may damage the stock. Warehouse helps to maintain a smooth flow of goods. It also helps in stabilizing prices in the market. Function of warehousing is performed by retailers, wholesalers and manufacturers. Warehousing creates time utility.
Q.6. Justify the following statements (Any
TWO): [8]
(1) Controlling is the last function of management.
(2) Entrepreneurship is the best source for self-employment.
(3) Cash can be withdrawn from ATM at any time.
(4) Consumers have many responsibilities.
Q.7. Attempt the following (Any TWO): [10]
(1) Explain nature of principle of management.
Ans:
Management principles are formed to guide and influence the behavior of employees. These principles insist on improving efficiency of organizational resources in terms of profit. These principles also focus on best coordination between superior, subordinates and all the members of organization.
The nature of management principles is given below:
1) Universal application: The principles of management are universal in nature. That means they can be applied to all types of organizations, irrespective of their size and nature. Their results may vary and application may be modified but these are suitable for all kinds of organizations. Similarly, they are applicable to all levels of management.
2) General guidelines: Management principles provide general guidelines in tackling the organizational situations wisely as well as in solving the problems. They are not rigid. Which management principles are to be applied depends upon the situation, size and nature of organisation. For example, when we say fair remuneration, then the term 'fair' can vary as per the nature, size and financial condition of the organisation.
3) Principles are formed by practice and experiments: The management principles are developed gradually with thorough research work. Systematic observations and experiments are conducted before developing them. The results of such experiments have been developed as a principle after its practice in organizations.
4) Flexibility: Management principles are flexible in nature. It means they can be changed or modified according to the situation. Managers can be flexible while implementing principles to suit the requirement. The business situations keep on changing. Management principles can be adjusted or modified and can be used in the organisation according to its need.
5) Behavioral in nature: Management is group activity. Management aims at achieving certain goal through a group of human being. Management principles are designed to influence human beings. These principles control a group of persons and direct them to achieve the objectives.
6) Cause and effect relationship: Principles of management are the base for taking decisions. They determine the cause or reason for particular effect. For example, payment of good wages and incentives helps in increasing the output of workers or making effective advertisement increases the sale of a product.
7) All principles are of equal importance: All principles of management are of equal importance. Those are to be practiced simultaneously to get best results in the form of achievement of predefined goals. If any specific principle is focused more and others are not followed with same focus, then it affects the working of organization. Management principles are the principles of social science. The nature of principles of management is not absolute like pure sciences i.e. Chemistry, Mathematics etc. With some modifications according to requirement, organization needs to apply the principles of management
(2) State money remittance services and retail
services of postal department.
Ans:
Money Remittance Services:
a. Electronic Money Transfer (eMO): A money order is an order issued by the Post Office for the payment of a sum of money to the person whose name is mentioned in the money order. It is sent through the agency of the Post. Office. A 'Payee' is the person named in money order as the person to whom the money is to be paid. The advantage of sending money to someone through money order is that the money is delivered at the house or his place of stay.
b. Instant Money Order (iMO): India Post presents Instant Money Order (iMO), the instant on-line money transfer service that is instant, convenient, reliable and affordable. iMO is an instant web based money transfer service through Post Offices (iMO Centre) in India between two resident individuals in Indian territory. One can transfer money from INR 1,000/- to INR 50,000/from designated iMO Post Offices. It is simple to send and receive money.
c. International Money Transfer: Money Transfer Service Scheme is a quick and easy way of transferring personal remittances from abroad to beneficiaries in India. Only inward personal remittances are permissible. Department of Posts, Government of India with the Western Union Financial Services, a state of the art International Money transfer Service is now available through the Post Offices in India, which enables instantaneous remittance of money from around 195 countries and territories to India.
2. Retail Services:
a. Retail Post: Through 'Retail Post' the department offers convenience to the general public by making third party products and services available in their vicinity through selected Post Offices. Under Retail Post, a range of services are offered including the collection of electricity bills, collection of taxes, collection of other bills and fee for the Government etc. Further, under Retail Post, the Post Office sells application forms.
b. e-Post: Department of Posts has introduced ePOST service. Through ePOST, customers can send their messages to any address in India with a combination of electronic transmission and physical delivery through a network of more than 1,55,000 Post Offices. ePOST sends messages as a soft copy through internet and at the destination it will be delivered to the addressee in the form of hard copy. ePOST can also be availed by the corporate customers, by having a business agreement with India Post. Corporate customers will get special ePOST rates and other value additions.
(3) Explain social responsibilities of commercial
organisation towards consumers.
Ans:
Responsibilities towards Consumers: The consumer is the king of the market but in reality experience is different. Business cannot work without consumer. The survival and growth of business depends on consumer satisfaction, service and support. The commercial organization should win the confidence of the customers. This is possible by following positive attitude towards customers and fulfilling following social responsibilities towards them -
1) Good Quality Products: The organization should produce quality goods. Every organization should have its quality control department so inferior and substandard products can be rejected. International Standard Organization (ISO), is the latest trend towards quality control. This ensures customers about quality product.
2) Fair Prices: The consumers should not be cheated by charging high prices. It is not possible to fool the customer at all the time. Fair prices convert a one time consumer into permanent consumer. Maximum Retail Price (M.R.P.) inclusive of all taxes should be printed on every packet. Retailer should not charge any extra amount.
3) Customer's Safety: The business must ensure that the product supplied will not adversely affect the life and health of the customers. Unsafe products should not be marketed. Consumer should be warned of any unsafe goods.
4) Honest Advertising: The consumers want to know the facts, features, advantages, side-effects etc. of the products. The advertisement conveys this information. So the organization must be sure that the advertisement is not being misleading. False, misleading and vulgar advertisement should be avoided. Consumers will appreciate only honest advertisements in the long run.
5) After Sales Service: The organization is expected to provide after sales service for maintenance of goods during the period of warranty. Efficient and effective after sale service helps to establish good relation between the consumers and the organisation.
6) Research and Development: Organization should conduct research and development to improve the quality of goods and to reduce the cost of production. This will minimize final prices charged to consumers. It must provide quality standards such as BIS or AGMARK on respective products.
7) Regular Supply: Consumers should be supplied with the goods regularly as and when required by them. The commercial organization should not create artificial shortage of goods by hoarding and black marketing.
8) Attend Complaints: The consumer complaints must be attended immediately. Quick and effective grievances redressal system should be implemented. Suggestions of customers should be welcomed.
9) Training: The business organisation should arrange training for their consumers either free or by charging reasonable fees. 10) Avoid Customer Exploitation: Business should avoid unfair trade practices which lead to exploitation of consumers. Also they should avoid monopolistic competition in the interest of consumers.
Q.8. Answer the following (Any ONE): [8]
(1) What is Road Transport? Explain the advantages and
disadvantages of Road Transport.
Ans:
1) Road Transport:
Roads are means that connect people and places on the surface of the land. It provides all over connectivity in any terrain as compared to other modes of transport. Various means of transport are used under road transport such as bullock cart, cycles, rickshaws, buses, cars etc. Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) systems have been introduced in many states to improve public transport system in India. India has a network of village roads, district roads, state highways and national highways which form the economic backbone of the country. In India, Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH) looks after development of surface transport throughout the country.
Advantages:
1) It is cheap mode of transport as compared to other modes of transport.
2) Perishable goods can be transported at a faster speed by road carriers over a short distance.
3) It is flexible mode of transport as loading and unloading is possible at any destination.
4) It provides door to door service. Also it functions as feeder transport to other modes of transport.
5) It helps people to travel and carry goods from one place to another place where any other mode of transport is not available.
Disadvantages:
1) Due to limited carrying capacity road transport is not economical for long distance transportation.
2) Transportation of heavy and bulky goods through road transport involves high cost.
3) Road transport is affected by adverse weather conditions such as floods, rain, landslides etc.
4) There is a possibility of road accidents which are common.
5) It causes pollution due to emission of gases which affects the health of people
(2) Explain importance of Marketing to the society and
consumers.
: (Q.P. 2023 with Solution)){kind=link}
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